“College tuition, diversity, and pay”

Zahra Khoshmanesh, Vahid Azizi, and Saba Moeinizade

4/28/2020
Zahra Khoshmanesh (slide number: 2-12), Vahid Azizi (slide number: 13-20), Saba Moeinizade (slide number: 21-31)

Introduction

  1. Diversity among schools across US
  2. Tuition costs across different states
  3. Historical trends of tuition
  4. Average potential salary for graduates from different universities
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Diversity dataset

diversity_school %>% glimpse()
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Diversity dataset

diversity_school %>% glimpse()
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## Rows: 50,655
## Columns: 5
## $ name             <chr> "University of Phoenix-Arizona", "University of Phoe…
## $ total_enrollment <dbl> 195059, 195059, 195059, 195059, 195059, 195059, 1950…
## $ state            <chr> "Arizona", "Arizona", "Arizona", "Arizona", "Arizona…
## $ category         <chr> "Women", "American Indian / Alaska Native", "Asian",…
## $ enrollment       <dbl> 134722, 876, 1959, 31455, 13984, 1019, 58209, 19039,…
name total_enrollment state category enrollment
University of Phoenix-Arizona 195059 Arizona Women 134722
University of Phoenix-Arizona 195059 Arizona American Indian / Alaska Native 876
University of Phoenix-Arizona 195059 Arizona Asian 1959
University of Phoenix-Arizona 195059 Arizona Black 31455
University of Phoenix-Arizona 195059 Arizona Hispanic 13984
University of Phoenix-Arizona 195059 Arizona Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander 1019
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Bar chart of all diversity categories and ethnicity groups in the US colledge

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Bar chart of all diversity categories and ethnicity groups in the US colledge

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Finding the most diverse campus for each diversity category

category university_name state enrollment_rate total_enroll category_enroll
American Indian / Alaska Native Haskell Indian Nations University Kansas 100.00000 808 808
Asian Grace Mission University California 95.45455 88 84
Black Lane College Tennessee 100.00000 1262 1262
Hispanic Professional Hands Institute Florida 100.00000 37 37
Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander Argosy University at Honolulu Hawaii 49.73205 933 464
Non-Resident Foreign Knowledge Systems Institute Illinois 97.92746 193 189
Total Minority Lane College Tennessee 100.00000 1262 1262
Two Or More Races University of Hawaii Windward Community College Hawaii 40.13529 2661 1068
Unknown Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts at San Francisco California 90.27149 442 399
White Rabbinical Seminary of America New York 100.00000 500 500
Women Spelman College Georgia 100.00000 2135 2135
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Finding the most diverse campus for each diversity category

Diversity map of the US for each diversity group

Women enrollment rate across the US

Tuition cost dataset

tuition_cost %>% glimpse()
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Finding the most diverse campus for each diversity category

Diversity map of the US for each diversity group

Women enrollment rate across the US

Tuition cost dataset

tuition_cost %>% glimpse()
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## Rows: 2,973
## Columns: 10
## $ name                 <chr> "Aaniiih Nakoda College", "Abilene Christian Uni…
## $ state                <chr> "Montana", "Texas", "Georgia", "Minnesota", "Cal…
## $ state_code           <chr> "MT", "TX", "GA", "MN", "CA", "CO", "NY", "NY", …
## $ type                 <chr> "Public", "Private", "Public", "For Profit", "Fo…
## $ degree_length        <chr> "2 Year", "4 Year", "2 Year", "2 Year", "4 Year"…
## $ room_and_board       <dbl> NA, 10350, 8474, NA, 16648, 8782, 16030, 11660, …
## $ in_state_tuition     <dbl> 2380, 34850, 4128, 17661, 27810, 9440, 38660, 53…
## $ in_state_total       <dbl> 2380, 45200, 12602, 17661, 44458, 18222, 54690, …
## $ out_of_state_tuition <dbl> 2380, 34850, 12550, 17661, 27810, 20456, 38660, …
## $ out_of_state_total   <dbl> 2380, 45200, 21024, 17661, 44458, 29238, 54690, …

Merge tuition cost dataset and diversity dataset

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Relationship between enrollment rate and in-state-tuition per each diversity group

Relationship between enrollment rate and out-of-state tuition per each diversity group

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Relationship between enrollment rate and in-state-tuition per each diversity group

Relationship between enrollment rate and out-of-state tuition per each diversity group

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Relationship between diversity groups enrollment rate and early career salary

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Different types of colleges in US

How many colleges are there in each state?

Comparing different states in terms of in state and out of state tuition

Comparing in/out-of state tuition

In-state tuition, different type of colleges; What is the relationship?

Out-of-state tuition, different type of colleges; What is the relationship?

The chepeast/most expensive colleges with out-of-state tuition

The cheapest/most expensive colleges with in-state tuition

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Different types of colleges in US

How many colleges are there in each state?

Comparing different states in terms of in state and out of state tuition

Comparing in/out-of state tuition

In-state tuition, different type of colleges; What is the relationship?

Out-of-state tuition, different type of colleges; What is the relationship?

The chepeast/most expensive colleges with out-of-state tuition

The cheapest/most expensive colleges with in-state tuition

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The historical tuition dataset

270 observations and 4 variables

type year tuition_type tuition_cost
All Institutions 1985-86 All Constant 10893
All Institutions 1985-86 4 Year Constant 12274
All Institutions 1985-86 2 Year Constant 7508
All Institutions 1985-86 All Current 4885
All Institutions 1985-86 4 Year Current 5504
All Institutions 1985-86 2 Year Current 3367

The historical tuition dataset

We observe that the data is available consistantly from 2000 till 2017.

##  [1] "1985-86" "1995-96" "2000-01" "2001-02" "2002-03" "2003-04" "2004-05"
##  [8] "2005-06" "2006-07" "2007-08" "2008-09" "2009-10" "2010-11" "2011-12"
## [15] "2012-13" "2013-14" "2014-15" "2015-16" "2016-17"

For convinience, we will consider the end of year.

##  [1] 1986 1996 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
## [16] 2014 2015 2016 2017
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Average tuition cost over time

Tuition comparison between 2 year and 4 year programs

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Average tuition cost over time

Tuition comparison between 2 year and 4 year programs

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Salary potential dataset

935 observations and 6 variables including:

rank name state_name early_career_pay mid_career_pay stem_percent
1 Auburn University Alabama 54400 104500 31
2 University of Alabama in Huntsville Alabama 57500 103900 45
3 The University of Alabama Alabama 52300 97400 15
4 Tuskegee University Alabama 54500 93500 30
5 Samford University Alabama 48400 90500 3
6 Spring Hill College Alabama 46600 89100 12
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Which states have the highest/least potential salary?

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Which states have the highest/least potential salary?

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Top 5 states

state_name average_mid_career_pay
California 123976
New-York 122328
Massachusetts 115712
Pennsylvania 110884
Texas 103476
state_name average_early_career_pay
California 67232
New-York 66688
Massachusetts 63100
Pennsylvania 60644
Texas 57468

Let’s take a closer look at Iowa

rank name state_name early_career_pay mid_career_pay stem_percent
1 Iowa State University Iowa 56100 101300 31
2 Drake University Iowa 52800 99900 7
3 University of Iowa Iowa 54100 99400 16
4 Grinnell College Iowa 53400 96500 41
5 Allen College Iowa 51600 91300 0
6 Cornell College Iowa 49600 90600 22
7 Loras College Iowa 48000 90100 14
8 Dordt College Iowa 51000 89600 17
9 Central College Iowa 49000 88800 36
10 Graceland University-Lamoni Iowa 48300 88700 5
11 Simpson College Iowa 49900 88600 17
12 Wartburg College Iowa 49300 88000 34
13 Coe College Iowa 47200 86900 24
14 Luther College Iowa 48200 85900 21
15 University of Northern Iowa Iowa 47100 85300 8
16 Maharishi University of Management Iowa 46800 85200 65
17 Saint Ambrose University Iowa 46900 84400 8
18 Northwestern College Iowa 44800 82400 11
19 Morningside College Iowa 44900 82100 6
20 Clarke University Iowa 44900 80200 6
21 University of Dubuque Iowa 44200 79700 7
22 Mount Mercy University Iowa 47200 79000 4
23 William Penn University Iowa 43900 78300 7
24 Upper Iowa University Iowa 44200 78000 3
25 Iowa Wesleyan University Iowa 42600 77200 8
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In Iowa, ISU has the highest potential salary

What is average stem percent across different states?

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In Iowa, ISU has the highest potential salary

What is average stem percent across different states?

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Conclusions